12 research outputs found
Nb3Sn Targets Synthesis via Liquid Tin Diffusion for Thin Films Depositions
The deposition of superconducting Nb3 Sn on copper accelerating cavities is interesting for
the higher thermal conductivity of copper compared to common Nb substrates. The better heat
exchange would allow the use of cryocoolers reducing cryogenic costs and the risk of thermal
quench [1]. The magnetron sputtering technology allows the deposition of Nb 3 Sn on substrates
different than Nb, however the coating of substrates with complex geometry (such as elliptical
cavities) may require target with non-planar shape, which are difficult to realize with classic
powder sintering techniques. In this work, the possibility of using the Liquid Tin Diffusion
(LTD) technique to produce sputtering targets is explored. The LTD technique is a wire
fabrication technology, already developed in the past at LNL for superconducting radio
frequency (SRF) applications [2], that allows the deposition of very thick and uniform coating
on Nb substrates even with complex geometries [3]. Improvements in LTD process, proof of
concept of a single use LTD target production, and characterization of the Nb 3 Sn film coated
by DC magnetron sputtering with these innovative targets are reported in this work
Nb3Sn Targets Synthesis via Liquid Tin Diffusion for Thin Films Depositions
The deposition of superconducting Nb3 Sn on copper accelerating cavities is interesting for
the higher thermal conductivity of copper compared to common Nb substrates. The better heat
exchange would allow the use of cryocoolers reducing cryogenic costs and the risk of thermal
quench [1]. The magnetron sputtering technology allows the deposition of Nb 3 Sn on substrates
different than Nb, however the coating of substrates with complex geometry (such as elliptical
cavities) may require target with non-planar shape, which are difficult to realize with classic
powder sintering techniques. In this work, the possibility of using the Liquid Tin Diffusion
(LTD) technique to produce sputtering targets is explored. The LTD technique is a wire
fabrication technology, already developed in the past at LNL for superconducting radio
frequency (SRF) applications [2], that allows the deposition of very thick and uniform coating
on Nb substrates even with complex geometries [3]. Improvements in LTD process, proof of
concept of a single use LTD target production, and characterization of the Nb 3 Sn film coated
by DC magnetron sputtering with these innovative targets are reported in this work
Nb3Sn Targets Synthesis via Liquid Tin Diffusion for Thin Films Depositions
The deposition of superconducting Nb3 Sn on copper accelerating cavities is interesting for
the higher thermal conductivity of copper compared to common Nb substrates. The better heat
exchange would allow the use of cryocoolers reducing cryogenic costs and the risk of thermal
quench [1]. The magnetron sputtering technology allows the deposition of Nb 3 Sn on substrates
different than Nb, however the coating of substrates with complex geometry (such as elliptical
cavities) may require target with non-planar shape, which are difficult to realize with classic
powder sintering techniques. In this work, the possibility of using the Liquid Tin Diffusion
(LTD) technique to produce sputtering targets is explored. The LTD technique is a wire
fabrication technology, already developed in the past at LNL for superconducting radio
frequency (SRF) applications [2], that allows the deposition of very thick and uniform coating
on Nb substrates even with complex geometries [3]. Improvements in LTD process, proof of
concept of a single use LTD target production, and characterization of the Nb 3 Sn film coated
by DC magnetron sputtering with these innovative targets are reported in this work
Thick Film Morphology and SC Characterizations of 6 GHz Nb/Cu Cavities
Thick films deposited in long pulse DCMS mode onto 6 GHz copper cavities have demonstrated the mitigation of the Q-slope at low accelerating fields. The Nb thick films (~40 microns) show the possibility to reproduce the bulk niobium superconducting properties and morpholo-gy characterizations exhibited dense and void-free films that are encouraging for the scaling of the process to 1.3 GHz cavities. In this work a full characterization of thick films by DC magnetometry, computer tomography, SEM and RF characterizations are presented
Main highlights of ARIES WP15 collaboration
International audienceAn international collaboration of research teams from CEA (France), CERN (Switzerland), INFN/LNL (Italy), HZB and USI (Germany), IEE (Slovakia), RTU (Latvia) and STFC/DL (UK), are working together on better understanding of how to improve the properties of superconducting thin films (ScTF) for RF cavities. The collaboration has been formed as WP15 in the H2020 ARIES project funded by EC. The systematic study of ScTF covers: Cu substrate polishing with different techniques (EP, SUBU, EP+SUBU, tumbling, laser), Nb, NbN, NbâSn and SIS film deposition and characterisation, Laser post deposition treatments, DC magnetisation characterisation, application of all obtained knowledge on polishing, deposition and characterisation, Laser post deposition treatments, DC magnetisation characterisation, application to the QPR samples for testing the films at RF conditions. The preparation, deposition and characterisation of each sample involves 3-5 partners enhancing the capability of each other and resulting in a more complete analysis of each film. The talk will give an overview of the collaborative research and will be an introduction to the detailed talks given by the team members
Progress in European Thin Film Activities
International audienceThin-film cavities with higher Tc superconductors (SC) than Nb promise to move the operating temperature from 2 to 4.5 K with savings 3 orders of magnitude in cryogenic power consumption. Several European labs are coordinating their efforts to obtain a first 1.3 GHz cavity prototype through the I.FAST collaboration and other informal collaborations with CERN and DESY. R&D covers the entire production chain. In particular, new production techniques of seamless Copper and Niobium elliptical cavities via additive manufacturing are studied and evaluated. New acid-free polishing techniques to reduce surface roughness in a more sustainable way such as plasma electropolishing and metallographic polishing have been tested. Optimization of coating parameters of higher Tc SC than Nb (NbâSn, VâSi, NbTiN) via PVD and multilayer via ALD are on the way. Finally, rapid heat treatments such as Flash Lamp Annealing and Laser Annealing are used to avoid or reduce Cu diffusion in the SC film. The development and characterization of SC coatings is done on planar samples, 6 GHz cavities, choke cavities, QPR and 1.3 GHz cavities. This work presents the progress status of these coordinated efforts
Indicatori ambientali nello studio EpiAir2: I dati di qualit\ue0 dell'aria per la sorveglianza epidemiologica
OBIETTIVO: costruzione di indicatori ambientali di inquinamento
aerodiffuso per finalit\ue0 di sorveglianza epidemiologica
in 25 citt\ue0 italiane per il progetto EpiAir2 (2006-2010) e presentazione
dei dati di dieci anni di sorveglianza in 10 citt\ue0
italiane (2001-2010).
DISEGNO: sono stati raccolti dati di particolato (nelle frazioni
PM10 e PM2.5 ), biossido di azoto (NO2 ) e ozono (O3 ), considerati
fattori di rischio per la salute. I datimeteorologici considerati
come confondenti nell\u2019analisi dell\u2019effetto degli inquinanti
sono stati: temperatura, umidit\ue0 relativa (e la variabile
derivata \u201ctemperatura apparente\u201d) e pressione barometrica. I
criteri per la selezione delle stazioni dimonitoraggio e imetodi
di calcolo per la costruzione di indicatori ambientali a partire
dalle serie giornaliere disponibili sono stati scelti in continuit\ue0
con la precedente edizione di EpiAir. Per tutte le citt\ue0, \ue8 stata
verificata l\u2019omogeneit\ue0 dei dati selezionati nel rappresentare
l\u2019esposizione delle popolazioni.
SETTING E PARTECIPANTI: il progetto EpiAir2 coinvolge per
gli anni 2006-2010 le citt\ue0 diMilano,Mestre-Venezia,Torino,
Bologna, Firenze, Pisa, Roma,Taranto,Cagliari e Palermo, gi\ue0
presenti nello studio EpiAir. A questo elenco vanno aggiunte
le citt\ue0 di Treviso, Trieste, Padova, Rovigo, Piacenza, Parma,
Ferrara, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Genova, Rimini, Ancona,
Bari, Napoli e Brindisi.
RISULTATI: nel periodo considerato \ue8 stato osservato un decremento
delle concentrazioni di particolato nella maggior
parte delle citt\ue0 in analisi, mentre non si pu\uf2 giungere a conclusioni
cos\uec nette per NO2 e ozono. L\u2019analisi dell\u2019andamento
temporale degli indicatori ha evidenziato valori medi
annuali di PM10 superiori ai 40 \u3bcg/m3 in alcune citt\ue0 della
Pianura Padana, e valori medi annuali di NO2 costantemente
superiori ai 40 \u3bcg/m3 nelle citt\ue0 di Trieste, Milano,
Padova, Torino, Modena, Bologna, Roma e Napoli.
CONCLUSIONE: l\u2019ampliamento del progetto EpiAir, con
l\u2019inclusione di ulteriori 13 citt\ue0, ha permesso di evidenziare
peculiarit\ue0 legate alle differenti aree geografiche in studio e
numerose situazioni di criticit\ue0 con superamenti dei valori
di concentrazione limite fissati dalla legislazione corrente.
I risultati dello studio EpiAir2 confermano la necessit\ue0 di un
sistema di sorveglianza dell\u2019inquinamento aerodiffuso nei
centri urbani e industriali al fine di ottenere stime affidabili
dell\u2019esposizione della popolazione residente e di monitorarne
l\u2019andamento nel tempo
Impatto a breve termine dell'inquinamento dell'aria nelle citt\ue0 coperte dalla sorveglianza epidemiologica EpiAir2
OBIETTIVO: stimare l\u2019impatto a breve termine dell\u2019inquinamento
atmosferico sulla popolazione adulta di 23 citt\ue0 italiane
nel periodo 2006-2009 nell\u2019ambito del progetto EpiAir2.
DISEGNO, MATERIALI E METODI: per ogni citt\ue0 inclusa nello
studio \ue8 stato calcolato l\u2019impatto dell\u2019effetto a breve termine
dell\u2019inquinamento atmosferico sulla mortalit\ue0. In particolare,
sono stati calcolati i decessi attribuibili a concentrazioni
delle polveri (PM10 e PM2.5) superiori a soglie differenti
definite dalla legislazione europea o nell\u2019ambito delle
linee guida dell\u2019Organizzazione mondiale della sanit\ue0 (per
il PM10: 20 e 40 \u3bcg/m3, riduzione del 20% ad arrivare a 20
\u3bcg/m3 e superamento del limite di 35 giorni con concentrazioni
medie di 50 \u3bcg/m3; per il PM2.5: 10, 18 e 25
\u3bcg/m3, riduzione del 20% ad arrivare a 18 \u3bcg/m3). La
stima di impatto \ue8 stata ottenuta combinando la stima di
effetto delle polveri, il livello di mortalit\ue0 osservato e i livelli
di concentrazione degli inquinanti misurati dalle reti di
monitoraggio urbane. Per quanto riguarda le stime di effetto,
sono state utilizzate le distribuzioni a posteriori specifiche
per citt\ue0 risultanti da una metanalisi bayesiana.
L\u2019incertezza sulle stime di impatto \ue8 stata calcolata con metodi
Monte Carlo.
RISULTATI: nell\u2019insieme delle 23 citt\ue0 valutate nel presente
studio il numero di decessi attribuibili agli effetti a breve termine
delle concentrazioni di PM10 superiori a 20 \u3bcg/m3 e
di PM2.5 superiori a 10 \u3bcg/m3 nel periodo 2006-2009 \ue8 risultato
rispettivamente pari allo 0,9% (assumendo indipendenza
tra citt\ue0 l\u2019intervallo di credibilit\ue0 all\u201980% \ue8 0,4-1,4)
e allo 0,8% (ICr80% 0,2-1,3) della mortalit\ue0 naturale.
L\u2019impatto delle concentrazioni di polveri PM10 e PM2.5 \ue8 risultato
concentrato nelle citt\ue0 della Pianura Padana, della
Piana fiorentina, e nelle grandi realt\ue0 metropolitane di
Roma, Napoli e Palermo: per il PM10 la percentuale sui decessi
\ue8 risultata 1,0% (ICr80% 0,4-1,5) contro 0,4%
(ICr80% 0,2-0,7) nelle altre citt\ue0 analizzate. Se i livelli di
concentrazione delle polveri fossero stati inferiori del 20%,
complessivamente l\u2019impatto si sarebbe ridotto del 42% per
il PM10 e del 51% per il PM2.5.
CONCLUSIONI: i livelli di inquinamento osservati nel periodo
in studio sono stati responsabili di un numero importante
di decessi nelle citt\ue0 analizzate. Politiche di contenimento
basate sulla diminuzione percentuale delle concentrazioni
annuali di polveri interesserebbero tutte le citt\ue0 coperte
dallo studio e potrebbero ridurre in modo importante l\u2019impatto
dell\u2019inquinamento sulla salute